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एम ए सेमेस्टर-1 - अंग्रेजी - चतुर्थ प्रश्नपत्र - इण्डियन इंगलिश लिटरेचर

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प्रकाशक : सरल प्रश्नोत्तर सीरीज प्रकाशित वर्ष : 2023
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एम ए सेमेस्टर-1 - अंग्रेजी - चतुर्थ प्रश्नपत्र - इण्डियन इंगलिश लिटरेचर

Question- Write the summary of 'Harvest' by Manjula Padamanabhan.

or
Write an introduction of 'Harvest'.

Answer - 

'Harvest' is a play by Manjula Padmanabhan concerned with organ- selling in India set in the near future, It was first published in 1997 by Kali for women. Harvest won the 1997. Onassis Prize as the best new international play. The play was published by Aurora Metro Books in 2003. It is a critique at the commonditization of the third world body.

'Harvest' is a darkly comic and unsetting tale of globalism and organ harvesting in India. Harvest poses a potent critique about how the "first" world cannibalizes the "third" world to fulfill its own desires. The play is set in the future, at a time when multinational companies have gone to the third world not for software, minerals or fabric, but to harvest organs for their rich customers in America. It's about India and the gritty Third world reality. 'Harvest' is set in 2010 when a destitute nation will be openly preyed upon by the richer superpowers who have amassed everything. Harvest is a futuristic play about the sale of body parts and exploitative relations between developed and developing countries.

The play is an ironic, sci-fi examination of the relations between developing and developed countries. Set in the imminent future, Harvest imagines a grisly pact between the first and third worlds, in which desperate people can sell their body parts to wealthy clients in return for food, water, shelter and riches for themselves and their families. As such, it is a play about how the "first" world cannibalizes the "third" world to fulfill it own desires.

Harvest is a dark, bitter, savagely funny vision of the cannibalistic future that awaits the human race...... a parable of what will happen when the rich denizens [a foreigner allowed certain rights in their adopted country] of the first world begin to devour bits and pieces of the Third world poor. Harvest poses a potent critique about how the "first" world cannibalizes the "third" world to fulfill its own desires.

Its Summary:- The play is set in future, at a time when multinational companies have gone to the Third world not for software, minerals or fabric, but to harvest organs for their rich customers in America. It's about India and the gritty Third world reality. Set in the imminent future, Harvest imagines a grisly pact between the first and third worlds, in which desperate people can sell their body parts to wealthy clients in return for food, water, shelter and riches for themselves and their families.

The play confronts us with a futuristic Bombay of the year 2010. Om Prakash, a jobless Indian, agrees to sell unspecified organs through inter planta services, Inc. (a multinational corporation) to a rich person if first world for a small fortune, inter Planta and the recipients are obsessed with maintaing Om's health and invasively control the lives of Om, his mother, Ma and wife Jaya in their one-room apartment. The recipient, Ginni, periodically looks on them via a videophone and treats them condescendingly. Om's diseased brother Jeetu is taken to give organs instead of Om.

In Harvest, Om, a just laid off bread winner [(of an employer)] To dismiss (workers) from employment e.g. at a time of low business volume,, often with a severance package] for a shuggling India family living in a Cramped Bombay tenement, decides to sell his organs to a shadowy company called interplanta in hopes of reversing his financial plight. Oms family is monitored around the clock, receiving frequent video phone type inquiries and directives from the supposed organ recipient, an icy young blonde named Ginni. Om's mother fails into a stup or, constantly absorbed by programs on the TV provided by interplanta. The family's lives continue to go away. The play may be set in the future, but it reflects contemporary conditons as well, India, one-third the size of the united states, has three times, the population and almost 30 percent of its employable labour force is out of work and the country's biggest problem are overpopulation and inadequate education.

The story, centers on Om who had recently become jobless. Joblessness, desperation, cynicism are the defining national sentiment Om, a just laid off breadwinner for a struggling Indian family living in a cramped Bombay tenement, decides to sell his organs to a shadowy company called interplanta in hopes of reversing his financial plight. The family portrait is an archetypal picture of dissolution and decay. It is into this world of disorder that interplanta services brings apparent order and respectability when Om signs up to be an organ donor for an American woman named Ginni because there are no other jobs available for in Mumbai. As the family's life becomes more comfortable, their relationships become more strained than they ever were in their poverty and eventually the whole family is at risk of losing not only bady parts but their souls and identities as well. The corporation, personified as three anonymous, marked guards dressed all in white, gradually takes over every aspect of their lives.

Guards arrive to make his home into a germ-free zone. Om's family is monitored around the clock, receiving frequent video phone-type inquiries and directives from the supposed organ recipient, an icy young blonde named Ginni. Ginni pays him to lead a "clean" and "healthy" life so she can harvest healthy organs whenever she needs them. Ginni begins to control every aspect of Om's life, from when and what he clears to whom he sees and how he uses the pathroom. In fact, Ginni comes to control the entire family until the end of the play.

There occurs a radical change to their dingel room and it acquires an air of sophistication. The most important installation however, is the contact module placed at the centre of the room to facilitate communication between the receiver and the donor. The contact module and the apparent order brought in by Inter Planta seem to create turmoil in personal relationships. The donor and his family is kept under the constant gaze of the receiver as a module can rotate round to face each corner and can flicker to life at any- moment. Ginny compares Om's flat to a "human goldfish bowl" (Harvest 43) which she can observe and amuse herself with. The concept of the design is to allow a watchman to observe (opticon) all (pan) inmates of an institution without their being able to tell whether they are being watched or not. Thus the inmates of the third world are trapped under the unrelenting gaze of the first world. This total deprivation of privacy can be interpreted as the ultimate form of surveillance.

Om's diseased brother, Jeetu, is taken to give organs instead of Om, and the recipient, Ginni turns out to not be what she intially seemed. In a final act of defiance, the seeds of rebellion flower in a "checkmate" poly by Om's wife Jaya.

Om's younger brother has abondoned the family homestead [The dwelling house and its adjoining land] and earns his upkeep as a bi-sexual sex worker. Om's mother has been prayed [of a person's nerves of temper) showing the effects of strain] by years of want and penniless living. So much so, she sees nothing amiss with her sun's trade-off. As long as she gets her long- desired television set, her fridge her microwave and all the other things that money can buy.

Om, on his part, is too smitten by the beautiful blonde his buyer from across the seven seas that keeps staring down at him from the television screen and driver him queasy [sick/unsettled] with her tantalizingly delivered sermons.

When Jeetu, his brother returns unexpectedly, he is taken as the donor. Om can't accept this. He leaves to get back his position as the donor. Jaya, his wife is left alone. She was seduced into selling her body parts, for use by the rich westerners. Jaya, the sensitive young wife seems to have some how managed to retain her not for sale soul despite the overarching gloom.


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    अनुक्रम

  1. Question- Write about Post-Colonial Indian writings in English Literature?
  2. Question- What is Postmordanism in English Literature?
  3. Question- Write an essay Postmoderism's influence of Indian writing in High Ab Han English Literature?
  4. Question- What is Dalit Literature?
  5. Question- Write about Dalit's voice: A voice from the Margin?
  6. Question- Write the development of Indian English Poetry, since the 1980s.
  7. Question- What is experimental Theatre?
  8. Question- What is Indians in Indian "English Literature”?
  9. Question- Define the term 'Indian English Literature'?
  10. Question- What is contemporary poetry in English Literature?
  11. Question- What is India drama in English Literature?
  12. Question- What is experimental Poetry?
  13. Question- Write about the origin of structuralism and Post-structuralism.
  14. Question- Write the theory of Post-modernism.
  15. Question- What do understand by the post-colonialism?
  16. Question- Write the influence of Postmoderanism on English Literature?
  17. Question- Write about the Renaissance in India and other essays on Indian culture.
  18. Question- Write about Renaissance in India and the nature of India culture as explicated by Sri Aurobindo.
  19. Question- Who is Sri Aurobindo? Give an introduction of him.
  20. Question- What are the ideas on Indian culture of Aurobindo, given in his essay 'Indian culture and external influence'?
  21. Question- Write an introduction of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. with whole life.
  22. Question- What is Idealism?
  23. Question- Write an introduction of 'An Idealist View of Life' by Radhakrishnan.
  24. Question- How does an idealist view life?
  25. Question- Write an introduction of Nirad C. Chaudhari.
  26. Question- Write the background of the book 'A passage to England' by C. Chaudhari.
  27. Question- Write a summary of 'A Passage to England' with giving an introduction of book. and describe 'The English Scene'.
  28. Question- What is the purpose of Chaudhari to write 'A Passage to England?
  29. Question- Write a short note on the life and works of Mrs. Meenakshi Mukherjee.
  30. Question- What do you know about The Perishable Empire : Essays on Indian writing in English' by Meenakshi Mukherjee?
  31. Question- Critically appreciate the poem The Harp of India'.
  32. Question- Give a brief life sketch of Henry Derozio.
  33. Question- Write a short note on Young Bengal Movement.
  34. Question- Provide a brief background of the poem 'The Harp of India'.
  35. Question- What do you know about part 1 of the poem?
  36. Question- What do you know about part 2 of the poem?
  37. Question- What impact has the prevailing conditions of the times made on India in the poem 'The Harp of India'?
  38. Question- Expalin with reference to the context any two of the following passeges.
  39. Question- Write a critical appreciation of 'Love Poem for a Wife' by A. K. Ramanujan.
  40. Question- In which style 'Love poem for a wife' is written? Explain.
  41. Question- Expalin with reference to the context any two of the following passeges.
  42. Question- Who is R. Parthasarathy? Write about his life and career.
  43. Question- What is the summary of the poem 'Exile from Homecoming"?
  44. Question- Write a Critical appreciation of the poem 'Exile From Homecoming'.
  45. Question- What has happened to poetry and why?
  46. Question- Why does the speaker recommend newspapers?
  47. Question- What is the introduction of 'Exile From Homecoming'?
  48. Question- Expalin with reference to the context any two of the following passeges.
  49. Question- What is the introduction of the poem 'Palanquin-Bearer'?
  50. Question- What is the critical appreciation of "The Palanquin Bearers'?
  51. Question- Write life and works of Sarojini Naidu.
  52. Question- What is the message in Palanquin Bearers by Sarojini Naidu?
  53. Question- What is the mood, tone and setting of the palanquin Bearers?
  54. Question- What is the Summary of the poem The Palanquin Bearers'?
  55. Question- Expalin with reference to the context following passege.
  56. Question- Write life and works of Shiv K. Kumar.
  57. Question- Write a note on Shiv K. Kumar as a poet.
  58. Question- Write a critical appreciation of the poem, 'Pilgrimage'.
  59. Question- Expalin with reference to the context following passege.
  60. Question- What do you know about Dom Moraes?
  61. Question- What is the summary of the poem "Bells for William Wordsworth".
  62. Question- Expalin with reference to the context following passege.
  63. Question- What is the summary of the poem Tribute to Papa' by Mamta Kalia?
  64. Question- Mamta Kalia's poem Tribut to Papa' is quest for an identy. Write about it?
  65. Question- Expalin with reference to the context following passege.
  66. Question- Explain how myth and symbolism are integral parts of Raja Rao's fictional act in Kanthapura.
  67. Question- What are the main features of Raja Rao's narrative technique in Kanthapura?
  68. Question- The three levels of action in Kanthapura-political, social and religious are all related to a unified concept of India. Discuss the structure of the novel in the light of the statement.
  69. Question- Provide a summary of the novel 'Kanthapura'.
  70. Question- What are the important themes one can find in Kanthapura?
  71. Question- Place Raja Rao in the context of the evolution of the Indian writing in English.
  72. Question- What do you know about the historical and political background of Kanthapura?
  73. Question- How deep and wide is the impact of Gandhi's personality and his thought on the theme of Kanthapura?
  74. Question- What do you know about Kanthapura and its people?
  75. Question- What is the significance of the Skeffington Coffee Estate in the overall account of the village in Kanthapura?
  76. Question- What are those qualities that go into the making of Moorthy, the central figure in Kanthapura?
  77. Question- What do you think of the women characters in Kanthapura? What is their role in the action of the novel?
  78. Question- How successful is Moorthy in leading his followers in the Satyagraha movement of the village?
  79. Question- Write a short essay on 'Considerations of Caste' in Kanthapura.
  80. Question- How successful is Achakka, the narrator in her attempt to tell the story of her village in the context of the Satyagraha movement?
  81. Question- Comment on some of the male character - other than Moorthy in Kanthapura.
  82. Question- What are some important themes in the novel 'The Guide'?
  83. Question- Provide a detailed character sketch of Raju (The Guide).
  84. Question- Can The Guide' be called a picaresque novel?
  85. Question- Comment on the narrative technique in "The Guide'.
  86. Question- Unravel the various aspects of Rosie's character in the light of the novel.
  87. Question- Sum up the literary elements found in the novel.
  88. Question- How is the concept of universality explored in the novel?
  89. Question- Write a short note on R.K. Narayan.
  90. Question- What do you know about Raju from 'The Guide'?
  91. Question- Give a brief character sketch of Rosie.
  92. Question- What importance does the town 'Malgudi' carry in most of the novel of R.K. Narayan?
  93. Question- Give a brief character sketch of Marco.
  94. Question- Write a brief character sketch of Velan.
  95. Question- How is title of the novel 'The Guide' appropriate?
  96. Question- Critically analyze the novel The Guide.'
  97. Question- Is Raju a transformed man by the end of the novel?
  98. Question- Is Velan a mere fool or a major accessory to Raju's transformation?
  99. Question- What roles do dharma and Karma play in the text?
  100. Question- What are the some important metaphors we come across after reading in the novel?
  101. Question- Write about the whole life of Shashi Deshpande with works.
  102. Question- Shashi Deshpande's craft as a novelist a study with special reference to 'That long Silence'
  103. Question- What is theme of the novel 'That Long Silence'?
  104. Question- Describe Jaya's Quest for self in "That Long Silence' by Shashi Deshpande.
  105. Question- What do you mean by the title of the novel 'That Long Silence'?
  106. Question- What is the introduction of Shashi Deshpande?
  107. Question- What is 'That Long Silence' about?
  108. Question- What is the relationship between Jaya and Mohan in the "That Long Silence'?
  109. Question- Who always reminds Jaya That husband is like sheltering tree?
  110. Question- Who is Kamat in the novel 'That Long Silence'?
  111. Question- What is the Indroduction of Firdaus Kanga's 'Trying to Grow'?
  112. Question- Analysis of Trying to Grow' by Firdaus Kanga.
  113. Question- Describe of Parsi Community in "Trying to Grow' by Firdaus Kanga?
  114. Question- Who is Firdaus Kanga?
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  116. Question- Write about the sixth Happiness, BFI/BBC Film in 'Trying to Grow' by Firdaus Kanga.
  117. Question- Write life and works of Arundhati Roy.
  118. Question- How has Arundhati Roy projected the illicit or incestuous relations in 'The God of Small Things'?
  119. Question- Evaluate The God of Small Things' as a tale of confrontation as its theme.
  120. Question- Give a brief character sketch of Estha and Rahel.
  121. Question- Why did the relationship of Ammu and Velutha came to an abrup end?
  122. Question- Relate the atrocities faced by Ammu all her life and her insignificant end?
  123. Question- Describe the Roy's use of symbols and images in her novel.
  124. Question- Write the life and works of Ilavenil Meena Kandasamy.
  125. Question- What is the introduction of the novel 'When I Hit You?
  126. Question- Describe the portrayal of domestic violence in 'When I Hit You?
  127. Question- Write about The Feminism in 'When I Hit You?
  128. Question- What is the summary of the story "Two Lady Rams"?
  129. Question- Write a note on Indian-ness in "Two Lady Rams' by Mulk Raj Anand.
  130. Question- What is the significance of the Title 'Two Lady Rams'?
  131. Question- Who was the first wife of Lalla Jhinda Ram?
  132. Question- Who is Lalla Jhinda Ram?
  133. Question- Analyse the story "Two Lady Rams'.
  134. Question- Write about the life of Salman Rushdie.
  135. Question- Write about the carrer of Salman Rushdie.
  136. Question- Write the summary of the story "Free Radio" by Salman Rushdie.
  137. Question- Who was the narrator in the short story "The Free Radio'?
  138. Question- Justify the title of the story "The Free Radio'.
  139. Question- Who is Ramani and what is the role of Ramani in this story "The Free Radio'?
  140. Question- What is the introduction of the story 'The Free Radio'?
  141. Question- Why is the narrator so much concerned for Ramani?
  142. Question- What does the Free Radio Symbolize in the story free radio'?
  143. Question- Write about the sexism in the story 'The Free Radio'?
  144. Question- Write a summary of the story 'The Intrusion'.
  145. Question- Analyse the story "The Intrusion' as a quest for identity
  146. Question- Write about the human predicament and emotional suffocation in Shashi Deshpande's short story "The Intrusion'.
  147. Question- Write the justification of the title "The Intrusion.'
  148. Question- What does the wife want in the story "The Intrusion'?
  149. Question- Who is the intruder in the story 'The Intrusion'?
  150. Question- What is the summary of the story 'Diamond Dust' by Anita Desai?
  151. Question- Write about the themes of 'Diamond Dust' by Anita Desai.
  152. Question- Who is Mr. Das in the Story 'Diamond Dust'?
  153. Question- What is the role of Mrs Sheila Das in 'Diamond Dust?
  154. Question- Who is Diamond in the story 'Diamond Dust'?
  155. Question- Attempt a critical appreciation of Vijay Tendulkar's play, Silence! The Court is in Session.
  156. Question- Attempt an essay on Tendulkar's delineation of women in his play, silence! The court is in Session.
  157. Question- Discuss Tendulkar's humour satire and irony in 'Silence! The Court is in Session.'
  158. Question- Justify the title of Vijay Tendulkar's play, Silence! The Court is in Session.
  159. Question- Write a short note on the role of Sukhatme in the mock-trial in Tendulkar's play, Silence! The Court is in Session.
  160. Question- Wite the character sketch's of Mr. Kashikar.
  161. Question- Give a short account of Miss Benare as a teacher.
  162. Question- What verdict does Kashikar give in Benare's case?
  163. Question- Write a short note on Balu Rokde.
  164. Question- Bring out the significance of prof. Damle in Silence! The Court is in Session.
  165. Question- How does Tendulkar's play, Silence ! reveal society's partiality towards woman?
  166. Question- Life and work of Grish Karnad.
  167. Question- What is the introduction of 'The Fire and the Rain'?
  168. Question- Discuss the central themes of Girish Karnad's play, 'The Fire and the Rains'.
  169. Question- Write a character sketch of Yavakri.
  170. Question- Write a critical note on Paravasu-Vishakha relationship.
  171. Question- Write a character sketch Raibhya.
  172. Question- Comment on the significance of the role of the Actor Manager in "The Fire and the Rain'.
  173. Question- Wha is the theme of 'The Fire and The Rain'?
  174. Question- Who is Raibhya in "The Fire and The Rain'?
  175. Question- Who is Andhaka in the 'The Fire and The Rain'?
  176. Question- Who is Arvasu?
  177. Question- Write a note on the life and works of Manjula Padmanabhan.
  178. Question- Write the summary of 'Harvest' by Manjula Padamanabhan.
  179. Question- Write a note on Themes and Techniques in Manjula Padmanabhan's plays.
  180. Question- Who is the man character of the play 'Harvest'?
  181. Question- Who is Jaya in the story 'Harvest'?
  182. Question- How does Ginni control Om and his family?
  183. Question- Who is Ginni in the play 'Harvest'?
  184. Question- Discuss the theme of exploitation in the play 'Harvest'.

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